Bunion (Hallux Valgus) Treatment: Causes, Clinical Assessment, Conservative Management, and Surgical Solutions
Bunions, or hallux valgus, are deformities of the big toe joint
characterized by lateral deviation, pain, swelling, and altered gait mechanics. Contributing factors include genetic predisposition, ill-fitting footwear, high-impact activities, and biomechanical imbalances. Bunions can lead to difficulty walking, secondary foot disorders, and chronic discomfort if untreated.
Clinical assessment involves physical examination, radiographic imaging, and evaluation of joint alignment, severity, and functional impact. Conservative management includes footwear modification, orthotics, pain-relief medications, activity modification, and physical therapy.
Surgical interventions, indicated in severe or refractory cases, include bunionectomy, osteotomy, arthrodesis, and minimally invasive techniques. Innovations focus on reducing recovery time, preserving joint function, and preventing recurrence. Patient education on footwear, posture, and long-term foot care is essential to ensure successful outcomes.